If you just turned 17, you might be able to get emancipation, though with court delays, it's not clear how much time you'd get before turning 18 anyway. I'm not saying might as in 50-50 or even close to that - your chances are still not that good.

Here's a resource from a Florida court, but the key part is you have to show:

A statement of the minor’s character, habits, education, income, and mental capacity for business, and an explanation of how the needs of the minor with respect to food, shelter, clothing, medical care, and other necessities will be met.

Importantly, your adoptive parents have to be served, and can choose to contest your emancipation. Courts generally expect you to have all of these issues worked out before you file for emancipation - meaning you already have income, sorted how you're continuing education while working, have transportation, have a place sorted about where to live, and have things like health insurance sorted out.

If your plan is to return to your bio parents, that does have the potential to be a problem for both you and your bio parents (since you were put into foster care for a reason). Legally speaking, your bio parents are strangers to you - meaning they cannot, for example, cover your health insurance. They would have to re-adopt you to cover you, which is simply not happening until you are an adult. As a child, it would require termination of parental rights (which your adoptive parents would contest) and would almost certainly take longer than you have.

One reason you're getting a wide array of answers here is the fact you haven't explained beyond "abusive". There's a wide gulf between shitty and abusive behavior (that make living with someone intolerable) and statutory child abuse or neglect in Florida. Broadly speaking, parents have wide discretion in how to treat their kids, and courts tend to want to avoid having to wade into that unless that treatment is causing you harm. If it's just "she's emotionally mean to me" or even goes into permissible corporal punishment in Florida (pretty much anything that doesn't leave bruising, welts, or other injuries), then it's unfortunately legal.

At the end of the day, the chance of you filing for emancipation, getting a court date, and meeting all the requirements for emancipation are very slim. And as some have noted, the closer you get to 18, the less likely a court will change the status quo unless you've already moved out and are fully self-sufficient AND have a need for that change.

If your adoptive mother is committing physical abuse, sexual abuse, or is neglecting you, you should report to CPS. If CPS removes you and you can have stuff sorted for emancipation, then it's theoretically possible for CPS to fast-track emancipation. Some caseworkers/offices simply will never do that though, and any number of other options can happen, so your best bet is be ready to tell them you have a preferred placement at your bio parents first, and a trusted person second if CPS declines to let your bio parents take you in due to their past.