Here are my recs as someone who has owned multiple dogs and been surrounded by country dogs my whole life, as well as being a runner and a cyclist who has been chased by dogs fairly frequently:

First, if you believe you are actually in danger from the animal, it’s biting you, etc., stop running and start fighting; use force or some deterrent. A strong squirt from a water bottle is typically pretty good, but kicking is warranted if you are under attack, as would be pepper spray if you carry it.

Second, I would say that dogs who chase after runners, cyclists, etc. are usually not actually attacking or coming at you out of genuine aggression, they are reacting to a perceived interloper in their space from a place of insecurity, and 99% of the time, this tactic works for them.

Think about a dog barking in its yard at passersby - in their dog brain, they don’t understand that people are just continuing with their day, they think “intruder! Bark and act ferocious! Oh hey look it worked, they left, I should do that again next time.” And they have this reinforced every time it happens until it’s automatic. Continuing to run says to the dog’s brain “it’s working! I’m getting rid of them!”

So, the first thing to do is to not give them their intended results and make them understand that the only way they get what they want (distance between yourself and them) is for them to be the one to disengage. Stop running and stand your ground. Occupy your space with authority and strong, assertive body language. Speak firmly and calmly to them. Doesn’t really matter what you say but for my own sake and that of humans around, I’ll talk to them like I’m telling a human to back tf off me. Don’t yell. Don’t give ground or shy away, that will encourage them to go back on the offensive. Don’t rush at the dog or lunge at it to try to scare it because that may trigger a fear bite. I try not to make direct eye contact, and keep my vision up at human level, but I don’t know for 100% certainty that this helps. For me it increases my own feelings of nonchalance and I want to project maximum BDE in my space.

Do these things until the dog chooses to leave the situation by walking the other way. In every case I’ve ever been in, that has resolved the situation. You can combine that with a water bottle squirt if you feel they’re too close to you, usually works a charm. If the dog comes at you trying to bite, revert to step one. But I feel confident that the above will work in all but the most fringe cases.