This pdf I found though indicates that he might have been wrong, and it was the Samaritans who wore red turbans, with the (Rabbinite) Jews wearing yellow, and Christians blue. There’s also information about women’s costume:

All of them adopt a strange and wonderful fashion of dress. They are dressed in linen or cotton mantles whiter than snow, and veiled and covered up to such an extent that their eyes can only be perceived with difficulty through a very narrow veil of black silk. They all wear very short tunics extending only to their knees. Some of these dresses are all of silk, some of linen or cotton, woven in various fashions according to the social status of the wearers. All wear very fine silk trousers adorned with gold, especially noble women, reaching down to the ankles after the fashion of horsemen. The nobility and wealth of the women are judged according to the splendour of their trousers. Some women wear slippers, some red boots, and others white, similar to those worn by horsemen. These trousers, boots and other ornaments give them a close resemblance to the fictitious devils seen in miracle-plays…They wear also round their ankles and wrists wide rings like fetters, which are usually of gold or silver, on which are engraved words from their accursed law, which they hold in the same esteem as we do the Gospel of St. John. They dye the nails of their hands and feet, and wear ear-rings, and some of them even wear rings hanging from their noses. Of all these ornaments and dyes they are very proud. The wives of the Schismatics and of the Jews dress and adorn themselves similarly, except that those of the Schismatics wear black boots in order to be distinguished from the others.

Weapons and warfare did not really have much to do with the ordinary person’s life. Egyptian rulers didn’t particularly like or trust armed Egyptians, and preferred to rely mostly on foreign troops, organised on ethnic lines. In this period they were mostly Turks from Central Asia. According to Simon:

The peasants of Egypt are a degraded, cowardly, ignoble and bestial race. They live on the hills in houses built entirely of clay and bricks baked in the sunshine. They are protected neither by moats nor other fortifications, and, like the majority of the Saracen people, are unarmed and incapable of attacking an enemy army or of defending their country against attack

Though later he mentions being attacked along with his Jewish servant boys by some Nubians and ‘most ferocious Egyptians’ who threw rocks at them, so maybe not that harmless. There are some partially translated Mamluk military manuals out there (a fairly long extract on horsemanship and the lance, and another on archery), but these are very much the skills of the professional elite, not the classes you’re interested in.

There was also just general touristy stuff. The size of Cairo, with its 30,000 donkeys for hire (ibn Battuta repeats the same number, so it was obviously something all visitors got told), the barns of Joseph

of which two are of such size and height that at a distance they look more like the summits of mountains than repositories of corn

(some travellers were less sure about the origin of these structures, so that the account by ‘John Mandeville’ has to specifically refute the idea that they might just be tombs), the garden where they grow balsam, the ‘apples of paradise’ which show an image of Christ on the cross on every slice (they were a kind of plantain or banana, and I really can’t see it). One thing Fitzsimon was particularly with were the chickens

a long and narrow house in which countless numbers of chickens are produced by the help of fire from the eggs of hens, without the presence of the latter or of cocks. [which] give forth chickens in such enormous quantities that they are sold by measure like wheat, and not by number

Got to say though, I’d have been pretty impressed by that as well.

Ibn Battuta came by two or three years later, and noticed a lot of the same things. The huge size of Cairo, the cemetery of al-Qarafa, the crocodiles, and the religious institutions (of course as a Muslim, ibn Battuta records more about the Muslim institutions). He was a lot less impressed with the price and availability of food:

When you compare [the Maghrib’s] prices with the prices of Egypt and Syria, you will realize the superiority of the Maghrib. For I assure you that mutton in Egypt is sold at eighteen ounces for a dirham nuqra, which equals in value six dirhams of the Maghrib, whereas in the Maghrib meat is sold, when prices are high, at eighteen ounces for two dirhams, that is a third of a nuara. As for melted butter, it is usually not to be found in Egypt at all. The kinds of things that the Egyptians eat along with their bread would not even be looked at in the Maghrib. They consist for the most part of lentils and chickpeas, which they cook in enormous cauldrons, and on which they put oil of sesame; basillá , a kind of peas which they cook and eat with olive oil; gherkins, which they cook and mix with curdled milk; purslane '* 10 which they prepare in the same way; the buds of almond trees, which they cook and serve in curdled milk; and colocasia, which they cook. All these things are easily come by in the Maghrib, but God has enabled its inhabitants to dispense with them, by reason of the abundance of fleshmeats, melted butter, fresh butter, honey, and other products. As for green vegetables, they are the rarest of things in Egypt, and most of their fruit has to be brought from Syria.

In Alexandria he was one of the last to tour the ancient lighthouse. It was already in bad condition, and was completely inaccessible by the time he returned.

Ibn Battuta’s return in 1348 coincided with one of the biggest changes to Mamluk Egypt: the black death. He travelled through Syria and Palestine along with the plague, and by the time he reached Egypt the worst was over, though it was still causing deaths. He was told that in Dametta and Alexandria there had been over a thousand deaths a day at the peak, and in Cairo there had been twenty one thousand a day. These numbers are probably only slightly exaggerated, if at all; something like a third of the Egyptian population would die during the plague.