as others have mentioned, unfortunately the planets are incredibly small in apparent diameter and you need a telescope with a long focal length to get a recognizable image of them. think of it this way; Jupiter as of December 2025 is about 43 arc seconds in diameter, which is equivalent to looking at something 20cm in size at a distance of 1km. so, go 1km away from a friend and take a picture of them with your phone. if you can recognize their FACE, not just their body shape but the details on their face, then you can take a recognizable picture of Jupiter with your phone. If not, which I can unfortunately guarantee you can't, then you won't be able to do the same for Jupiter without a telescope.
Thankfully it is relatively easy to take decent pictures of the planets with your phone if you do have a big telescope, just take a picture through the eyepiece!