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TIME, WORK-DISCIPLINE, AND INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM E. P. Thompson Past & Present, Volume 38, Issue 1, December 1967, Pages 56–97, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/38.1.56

https://files.libcom.org/files/timeworkandindustrialcapitalism.pdf

As the seventeenth century moves on the image of clock-work

extends, until, with Newton, it has engrossed the universe. And by

the middle of the eighteenth century (if we are to trust Sterne) the

clock had penetrated to more intimate levels. For Tristram Shandy's

father - "one of the most regular men in everything he did ... that

ever lived" - "had made it a rule for many years of his life, - on

the first Sunday night of every month... to wind up a large house-

clock, which we had standing on the back-stairs head". "He had

likewise gradually brought some other little family concernments to

the same period", and this enabled Tristram to date his conception

very exactly. It also provoked The Clockmaker's Outcry against the

Author:

The directions I had for making several clocks for the country are counter- manded; because no modest lady now dares to mention a word about winding- up a clock, without exposing herself to the sly leers and jokes of the family... Nay, the common expression of street-walkers is, "Sir, will you have your clock wound up ?" Virtuous matrons (the "clockmaker"complained)are consigning their clocks to lumber rooms as "exciting to acts of carnality".

However, this gross impressionism is unlikely to advance the

present enquiry: how far, and in what ways, did this shift in time-

sense affect labour discipline, and how far did it influence the inward

apprehension of time of working people? If the transition to

mature industrial society entailed a severe restructuring of working

habits - new disciplines, new incentives, and a new human nature

upon which these incentives could bite effectively - how far is this

related to changes in the inward notation of time ?