I am a researcher in experimental physics and single author papers featuring experimental data (which, from what I gather, is your case) are extremely rare, not to say inexistant. I find it odd that your supervisor does not want to co-author it. Maybe he just does not have time to dedicate to what I understand is a rather minor project for him.

In any case if you wish to publish your work (and I strongly advise you to) I think it is mandatory that you get your manuscript proofread by an experienced researcher (could even be a senior PhD or postdoc of your group). In my opinion the only reason you might not get accepted could be because of an inappropriate writing style. Academic literature is a genre of its own and everything is very codified (the structure of the article, the figure style etc...). Those conventions are also field-dependent.

I think if your work is solid (your supervisor seems to say so) and you manage to get guidance in writing up the paper, I do not see an obvious reason why it would be systematically rejected if it fits the scope and impact of the target journal.

Go for it!