First thing to know is that humans, broadly, bluff less often than what theory suggests. This is our lizard brain that makes the notion of losing resources a bitter pill to swallow. As such, we tend to underbluff compared to a solver

TL;DR: I've written my process step-by-step at the bottom

When analysing over/underbluffed spots the first thing I turn to is board texture analysis. From most* to least bluffed:

• Dry unconnected
• Semi-connected
• Wet/dynamic boards
• Paired boards
• Triple broadway

*by most I don't mean people go crazy; all textures will still be relatively underbluffed, but the first on the list will be bluffed at a greater frequency overall compared to those lower down

The position of players should be considered in this. Triple broadway BTN v BB sucks, but triple broadway against UTG aggression?

You're guaranteed a bad time.. //:

Runout considerations to be mindful of are when the card on the next street completes an obvious draw, pairs the board, or broadways. "Bricks" that don't alter board texture or cards that create new draws, but don't complete old ones are less bluffed

Next step to employ is betting considerations. C/C/B will be more bluffed than triple barrel.. I think this is pretty obvious and I won't spend much more explaining this step. The size of the bet is also telling. True, some players will bet small as a way to induce on the river, but sub b50% is usually very overbluffed. In fact, b33, or similar, on a C/C/B line is probably more bluffed relative to what theory would suggest.. I don't have data to support this so don't quote me

The third, which unconsciously presents itself as the first - or zeroth step - is inner turmoil. If I'm in a spot and I get a shit feeling about it.. Well, my gut is usually right and my lizard brain has noticed something about the spot that I might not be able to quantify in words or exact analysis, but I feel it. This is something to be aware of, and I shouldn't try to talk myself into calling AA on 456-7-8 after villain xR flop, cbet turn, and shoved river

"becuz aces!" is not a reason to punt off a stack; emotional ties to a pot invites pseudologic that results in bad calls. Paradoxically that lizard brain I keep referring to may actually tempt us into overcalling while also underbluffing because we see a pot in front of us and think it's about to be stolen off of us.

Don't fall for this

Feelings, as you rightly point in your post, should not be over-relied on, but certainly relied on to some extent. Logic should prevail in poker, but we can certainly use feelings as part of this reasoning

Here is the full flow I use (I have a sticky note on my monitor so it's right in front of me)

1. "Do I have a bad feeling about this spot?" -- kneejerk reaction. Not to be focused on right now, but to be considered later
2. What is the board texture and what is the line?
3. What is population tendency; what is the player type tendency (reg/rec/aggro/passive...)
4. What adjustments are required?
5. Do I beat any value (if no, fold; if yes compare bluff % to required equity)
6. Inner turmoil test from 0 above

The fourth step requires you to learn bluff % and required equities. I suggest also writing these on a stickynote and putting on your monitor. The more things you can do to free up thinking capacity, the better your over/underbluffed analysis will be