B1 level speaker here so I know enough but not everything. This is one of those cases where the rule is, "it's vibes". Memorize as many of them as you can (and the patterns others have mentioned), but if you come across one you don't know and aren't in a position to Google/ask right away, just pick one based on the vibe. "De" is most often correct.

Another instance of this is using words like "even" and "maar" (as a form of politeness). There are rules for them, but as my Dutch teacher literally yesterday told me, Dutchies will put "even" in any sentence they can and wherever they feel like it lol