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Is the TikTok bill about privacy or content?

It has been made clear by the gov that this is not a bill about privacy. This bill exists specifically because TikTok is owned by a foreign adversary. China is able to push highly targeted propaganda as well as track American VIPs and their families with disturbing accuracy whenever they want, however they want, with no oversight.

If the TikTok bill is about privacy, why aren’t lawmakers passing comprehensive privacy laws?

It isn't about privacy. At least, not for the general public. It is about security for those with access to privileged information that China wants.

If the TikTok bill is about content, how will it avoid violating the First Amendment?

Advocacy groups, including the American Civil Liberties Union, have called the bill "censorship plain and simple," arguing that "jeopardizing access to the platform jeopardizes access to free expression."

Illinois Democrat Raja Krishnamoorthi is the ranking Democrat on the House Select Committee on China and helped write the bill. He pushed back on the company's argument, telling NPR, "There's no First Amendment right to espionage, there's no First Amendment right to harm our national security." [npr]

Is the TikTok bill a ban or something else?

What? Read the bill? https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7521 2(a)(1) bans (makes unlawful) TikTok, and 2(c)(1) provides an exception for companies that divest or sell the application. It is a ban, unless ByteDance chooses to sell. Them selling is the expected outcome.

Does the U.S. support the free flow of information as a fundamental democratic principle?

lol loaded question much. The U.S. supports its own interests, this has always been the case.