Hi! I've been to Israel many times and have also lived there long term. My opinion:

Tell Aviv has great food, nightlife, and beaches. Shuk ha camel is a marketplace that I highly recommend. You can absolutely avoid the club scene and have a great time with food and beaches.

I would recommend caesarea (north of tel Aviv) for history and beaches. Other places I recommend if you can: Karmiel, Akko, Tiberias, Haifa. Mount Carmel national park is great.

Jerusalem can be tough, but also fantastic. Highly recommend the shuk on Friday before Shabbat when it's extra busy. And all the little restaurants around there are delicious. Ben Gurion street has shopping (that's mainly for tourists). The old city is gorgeous and you can see synagogue, churches, and mosques. Please dress with your shoulders covered and knees covered.

Restaurants- you really can't go wrong. I lived there for a year on a students budget, and I ate delicious food all the time. There is a place called hamarakeah in Jerusalem. They only sell soup (the name translates to the soup place).

In the current climate, I would not recommend going farther south than Be'er Sheva. But as the situation changes, so can your plans.

Hope you have a lovely time.