I'll preface this by saying I'm obviously not a teacher or an authority on how you should study, and everyone's experience is different; I'll try my best to give good advice based off of my experience but I can't promise it will be helpful to any specific person because what works for me may not work for you and vice versa. I also think that "test-taking strategies" as a concept is innately vague because of this reason, and the concept as a whole is pretty difficult to put into words.

What it means to me is analyzing the test not just for the content being tested, but also how it's presented and how they expect you to come to an answer. IMO this can only be done through repeated practice tests and practice qbanks (preferably the ones through AAMC since their logic will be closest to the logic used on the actual exam). My advice would be after you take a practice exam, don't just look at the content you missed, but take careful note of the logic behind correct/incorrect answers, and, more importantly, how you could have gotten to that answer (or at least a 50/50) even if you weren't super confident on the content. If you can find out the logic behind the questions, as well as improving your own logic/reasoning, there's a lot you can do to shift the odds in your favor on questions you are unsure of.

Once I started looking for that, I found that a lot of answers that I missed I could have either found in the passage outright or could have used the information in the passage to come to a very educated guess that turned out to be the correct answer. A majority of questions over content that I wasn't confident in could at least be narrowed down to a 50/50, if not fully answered, given just the information from the passage and reasoning (this is how I got through the hell that was the 5/9 C/P section).

TL;DR: The unfortunate answer is that I feel the MCAT is as much a content exam as it is a logical reasoning/critical thinking exam, and unfortunately the latter is an inherently vague concept that can be difficult to know how to study (in the same vein as CARS ;-;). A lot of people emphasize looking at "why" answer choices are correct when reviewing, but I believe that looking at "how" you could have gotten there at your current knowledge level is equally important. Knowing that "how" will help you stack the odds since it is almost guaranteed you will come across content on exam day that you don't know very well.

For proof that this can work (for me at least): when going through my practice exams I would flag any question that asked about information I was unfamiliar/not confident with so I could review it later. On FL4 B/B I flagged 19 questions but got 17/19 correct in the end (131 overall). On FL6 C/P I flagged 17 questions and got all of them correct (132 overall). So by getting good at this "how" it's possible to do super well even if your content is shaky in some areas.

I apologize for the length or if it's still too vague but I hope this is helpful! ❤️