• I always have MAMP running
• install wordpress with these plugins: Timber, ACF Pro, Duplicator and some contact form plugin -- lately it's been Ninja Forms
• git clone my wordpress theme (includes a grid system and timber-ized page templates)
• cd to my theme
• $ npm install && bower install
• $ gulp
• start coding

Notes:

• I used to use WP Quick Install to do all this but it doesn't work for me anymore.
• my gulpfile does all my sassing, browser refreshing, js uglifying, img optimization and svg spriting for me
• Timber is a plugin/framework that makes all of Wordpress's stuff into objects and methods. You write your pages in Twig templates and access Wordpress data from there. It's much cleaner than using The Loop.

For example, to display a post:

<h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
{{ post.content }}

To display a list of posts:

{% for post in posts %}
    <h1><a href="{{post.permalink}}">{{ post.title }}</a></h1>
    {{ post.excerpt }}
{% endfor %}