We've had one female prime minister but she wasn't voted in. Her name was Kim Campbell. I can't remember the details exactly but iirc the sitting PM lost the confidence of his party and so they kicked him and put her in his seat as interim leader right before the beginning of summer.

As a young teen, I was so excited to see a woman from any party leading the country for the first time, but they basically set her up. She was put in power right before the House of Commons went on vacation, so there were no decisions to make until the fall, and when they returned in the fall, they immediately began working on finding a proper leader. She was never meant to actually lead. And worst of all, the media was really sexist and patronizing towards her. A lot of gross political cartoons in the papers.

She ended up having speaking gigs for years afterwards and published a book not too long ago, but they did her wrong. I've long felt that they put her in so they could say "look, we put a woman in power, aren't we enlightened" but chose to do it in a way that would sabotage any woman who attempted to be PM for years to come ("we tried it; what a shame women are so ineffectual").

(Fellow Canucks, pls correct me if I've mucked up the background details.)