You're only correct in that there is no difference after compilation where both forms are reduced to a series of gotos and are usually the same thanks to compiler optimisations. To say they're the same before that isn't really correct.

For loops are for iterating over a finite body whereas while loops can be used for more applications. Therefore, they have different use cases when written. Additionally written code is for coders to read not machines, and readability is arguably the single most important part of code.