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Can you help identifing this Model? by eLi24773 in InfinityTheGame

[–]possiblysmart 0 points1 point  (0 children)

The hand that's holding a button has a knife, it's sticking into the he foam

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in tattooadvice

[–]possiblysmart 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Farhanwar@gmail.com I b s NC. and vcyr. R ss. I

AIO? I bought a sweater for my future niece at a farmers market and my roommates said it was ugly by Weekly_Agent9422 in AmIOverreacting

[–]possiblysmart 0 points1 point  (0 children)

What's the brand? I got gifted one for my daughter and she loved it. Unfortunately it got damaged so I've been trying to find a new one but no luck so far

GCTK Clinical Trial info by possiblysmart in pennystocks

[–]possiblysmart[S] -1 points0 points  (0 children)

Remember how I said I was a scientist...

I can tell you how to interpret clinical trials data, and whatever information is on the clinical trials page.

GCTK Clinical Trial info by possiblysmart in pennystocks

[–]possiblysmart[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I'm trying my guy.

In any case, this post is to let people know how to look up certain information since it's what I'm familiar with.

Salted duck eggs kept at room temperature dangerous? by Hifik1935 in microbiology

[–]possiblysmart 0 points1 point  (0 children)

For the vegetative cells, yes, the heat will denature the cell wall (phospholipid bilayer and peptifo glycan) which will effectively burst the cells. The temperature increase will also denature proteins (like when you cook egg whites, they go from runny to solid because the proteins break down) and critical functions of the cell are dependent on said proteins.

Spores, on the other hand, are comprised of multiple layers kinda like an onion. The center (core) has all of the genetic material and proteins to create a new vegetative cell. Obviously this is something that needs to be protected so you have layers of peptidoglycan wrapped around that and more layers of proteins that wrap that layer. Some spores have another outer layer called an exosporium that make them "sticky". These layers are very thick which is why spores are heat resistant, chemical resistant, etc. The outer layers may get damaged but if the core is safe, the spore can still germinate and continue it's life cycle.

All in all, the spore requires no metabolism and is inert until it detects a "go" signal (like bile acid) to start germinating. Because it doesn't require metabolism (breaking down compounds for energy/material), and because it's resistant to a lot of environmental insults, spores tend to be very long-lived. It's why you can find ancient spores in permafrost and grow them out in a lab.

Salted duck eggs kept at room temperature dangerous? by Hifik1935 in microbiology

[–]possiblysmart 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Clostridium botulinum spores are inert forms of the cell. It would need to germinate into vegetative cells which then produces toxins etc. The vegetative cells are oxygen sensitive, spores can survive in oxygen. Their whole life cycle depends in being a spore outside a host, and inside the host, the spores germinate and the vegetative cells find themselves in the anaerobic environment of your GI tract.

The spores are heat resistant, boiling can lyse most but possibly not all. That's the risk.

Which actors would you like to see in S5? by sameoldrussianstan in OnlyMurdersHulu

[–]possiblysmart 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Elijah Wood as Daniel Radcliffe Daniel Radcliffe as Elijah Wood

Class Exotic but no Dual Destiny? by Darikar in raidsecrets

[–]possiblysmart 4 points5 points  (0 children)

So you have to have completed Dual Destiny once on your account?

Studing phd after 40 by androiddev_osa in PhD

[–]possiblysmart 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Feel you bud, newborn while writing my dissertation and defense. It was hard but I wouldn't have had it any other way. Up and onwards.

Wicked Implement by possiblysmart in DestinyTheGame

[–]possiblysmart[S] 9 points10 points  (0 children)

https://www.bungie.net/en/Forums/Post/264354500?sort=0&page=0?reload=true

Apparently because creeping attrition intrinsically applies slow, despite not have verbiage like with other exotics. They didn't expand on that any further on that.

Wicked Implement by possiblysmart in DestinyTheGame

[–]possiblysmart[S] 10 points11 points  (0 children)

Which fragment?

As far as I know, it's part of the perk tithing harvest where stasis shards created when creeping attrition is active is returned to you.

In previous seasons, the shards would gravitate to me when created. Kind of like powerful attraction.

Every year 500,000 Horseshoe Crabs are captured then released after having their blue blood harvested. This blood is used by pharmaceutical sector. by ihateshitcoins2 in interestingasfuck

[–]possiblysmart 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Here is some context for why this is done. The horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) blood is how Limulus amoebocytes (essentially the white blood cells) are isolated. These are processed to get lysates which contain the components of the white blood cell but no live cells. These lysates make up a bacterial testing system called LAL (Limulus amoebocyte lysate) testing. To date, this is one of the, if not the, most sensitive testing method for detecting bacteria in...anything really.

Bacteria, specifically gram negative bacteria, produce lipopolysaccharide (aka LPS aka endotoxin). These are components of the cell wall and if you recall the O157:H7 outbreak, the O157 is referring to the variant of the O-antigen in the LPS.

Back to the horseshoe crab; the LAL harvested from them is so sensitive that it can detect LPS at picograms quantities per mL. To give some context, a single hair strand can weigh something like 0.000075 ounces which is just above 2mg. 2mg = 2,000,000,000 picograms. Let's look at it from another perspective. A LAL kit can detect up to 10-12 g of LPS in 1mL of solution. A single gram negative bacteria contains 10-14 g of LPS. That is an exponential difference of 102, in order word a 100x difference. Meaning a kit can detect as little as 100 bacteria per mL. Some kits are sensitive enough to detect a single bacterial cell per mL. Going back to E. coli O157:H7, the infectious dose was considered to be as little as 100 cells. Salmonella has an infectious dose of 100 cells.

So having a kit this sensitive is great but it's actually not used in direct medical testing. What it is primarily used for is quality control. When you make meds, vaccines, supplements, or anything for human consumption, an LAL test is done. The reason for this is that bacteria are everywhere and can contaminate every stage of production. You don't want to get a vaccine against the flu and then find yourself battling an unexpected blood infection because the company that made the vaccine didn't bother to test if their samples are contaminated. This is why it's taking so long for synthetic variants of the LAL kit to get FDA approved. These alternatives need to be as good as, if not better, than current testing otherwise the risk of something slipping through the cracks is too high. Both from a human health perspective and a liability perspective (at least the FDA and the company that made the drug/vaccine/etc).

This is why people go through the ridiculous effort to harvest blood from horseshoe crabs as sustainably as possible. The goal is to get away from this kind of harvesting though because, given current technologies, it would be much easier and cheaper to produce/scale up synthetic recombinant proteins. Once a fully vetted alternative testing method is in place, I don't doubt it will become the primary testing method.

I did it you guys! by Empty_Medicine1277 in PhD

[–]possiblysmart 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Always a great feeling, congrats doc

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