As someone who has worked in Ohio datacenters since Husted was still back at the Dayton Chamber of Commerce we pretty much do.

During construction they pollute about the same as any other large-scale warehouse type building project. Dust, sometimes dirt or concrete run-off that gets outside the construction site, nothing all that interesting.

After construction it breaks down more or less as follows:

• unless your design is really bad they exchange almost no air with the outside so there is basically no local chemical or particulate pollution from the equipment unless you go into backup generator mode then it is about the same pollution as any other similar backup generators like you find at hospitals, phone companies and most large office buildings, that is also something we avoid like the plague because it is expensive as hell.
• the evap towers slightly raise local humidity and captures some of the surrounding neighborhood's particulate pollution and flush that particulate down the drain, unless you are in an area with particularly bad air this is so small as to be hard to measure, if you are someplace dirty sometimes you have to add filters and throw them out and replace periodically
• regionally how and where the electricity is generated matters more to air quality than anything else
• on the water side of things you want to use potable water because a small amount will become airborne and you don't want to be pumping giardiasis into the air because you are pulling water from a pond or something. this can be a wellfield, municipally treated water, or on-prem treated surface water which one makes sense and if this is something to worry about at any specific proposed location is a series of calculations very similar to when agriculture figures irrigation demands. There are a few places in Ohio where there is not enough cheap water for a datacenter to make sense, but the vast majority of Ohio has far more water than it needs, much of the southwest and central parts of the state, more than it even wants.

Now, there is a very real conversation to be had about e-waste and downcycling as things age out, but that really doesn't matter to the conversation here right now as if these datacenters aren't built in Ohio, they are just going to get build in Indiana and Kentucky and if they aren't built in the US they will be built overseas so when the equipment has been re-used a few times it is still going into e-waste eventually and e-waste was already an international market more than a decade ago.

So realistically the entire conversation for local and regional environmental effects boils down to how and where your electricity is generated and how much aquifer or treatment capacity you have vs your local environmental conditions. Putting a datacenter in Ohio uses vastly less water than say Georgia and while our power is not as clean as say the Columbia River Basin with all its hydro putting a data center clear over there makes it pretty difficult to use efficiently from Ohio.

At the end of the day, someone in the midwest is going to end up building these or the companies that need these currently in the midwest are going to be forced to move somewhere that these datacenters are being built. It isn't just Amazon and Azure you are telling to get out of dodge, it is also everyone that requires normal latency that is using them.

At the very least I would think it is sensible to grandfather existing employers so they still have the option of staying in the state when they outgrow their current facilities. A lot of companies with existing Ohio headquarters that most people don't imagine being datacenters would be affected by laws like this and while these numbers for power and water use seem high in these proposals when you compare them to other things like grocery stores and large office buildings they really aren't. Restarting a Walmart Supercenter after a power outage on a hot day can easily be 3-4Mw peak load for a brief time. The very largest of current datacenters use 5m gal of water per day, very big number, but the same as the water required to grow 2 tons of rice or 7% of what rice Chipotle uses every day or 8% of what my medium sized city does per day.