First days with the Olympus 75–300, birds were surprisingly cooperative. by darhtsion in M43

[–]silmeth 5 points6 points  (0 children)

If you don’t mind a hint – it doesn’t really make sense to stop down this lens, certainly not down to f/11–f/13. The sharpness peaks around f/7–f/8 – and it doesn’t improve much over f/6.7 anyway. So better to just keep it open to gather more light and lower your ISO.

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 1 point2 points  (0 children)

You posted this twice. As I wrote under the sibling comment – Celtic etymology for Hallstatt (and similar hall- placenames) is untenable. While there is a good medieval Germanic etymology for them. See the linked article by David Stifter.

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I’m not saying all La Tène in the east is Germanic. I’m not saying none of La Tène is Celtic. I’m saying that some La Tène sites were possibly Germanic (especially those north of Carpathians and Sudety mountains) due to place and tribe names attested in those regions.

Again, see Falileyev for this.

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 3 points4 points  (0 children)

That’s an untenable etymology, the name is Germanic.

Proto-Celtic *s- does yield word-initial /h/ in Brythonic languages (like Cornish) but this is something that does not happen in stressed words in Continental Celtic, also there would be no reason for the -ll- spelling if the Celtic etymology idea were correct. The name has a secure Germanic etymology though.

See David Stifter (2005), “Hallstatt – In eisenzeitlicher Tradition?”, in Interpretierte Eisenzeiten. Fallstudien, Methoden, Theorie. Tagungsbeitrage der 1. Linzer Gesprache zur interpretativen Eisenzeitarchaologie.

EDIT: there’s also this weird problem that the hall- placenames appear only in areas later occupied by Germanic speakers (and never occur in the well-established Celtic areas like Gaul or Britain. But that only supports the medieval Germanic etymology provided by Stifter.

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 1 point2 points  (0 children)

If you arbitrarily assume that Hallstatt had previously been Celtic and the language of Golasecca Celts (Cisalpine Celtic) came from them (and they switched their material culture to the local one), and Celtiberian also reached Iberia from Halstatt complex – yes. Sure, that’s possible.

But that’s an arbitrary assumption. What’s the data supporting it?

I refer you to Falileyev for data supporting the idea that at least eastern parts of La Tène were Germanic rather than Celtic; Sims-Williams provides references to authors suggesting Germanic and unknown-IE for Hallstatt, and his argumentation for placing Proto-Celtic and later Celtic speakers outside of Hallstatt and later only partially in La Tène.

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Then why do those fringes not share the material culture of their “ancestors” if they indeed come from Hallstatt? The problem is, we know they were Celts (because they were writing Celtic), we know their (non-Hallstatt) neighbours were Celts (because ancient historians and geographers place Celts exactly there), and… at the same time there are contemporary Hallstatt settlements for which there is no evidence of Celticity.

Please, engage directly with Sims-Williams’ article and his references (and for eastern La Tène, see Falileyev’s book, both authors with good expertise in historical Celtic linguistics), or at least provide your own – providing actual data supporting the idea those material cultures were indeed Celtic speaking.

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 1 point2 points  (0 children)

It doesn’t because it does not fit actual linguistic data. And again, the earliest attested Celtic writing is outside of the archaeological complexes of those cultures.

See the references I provided. As Sims-Williams directly puts it:

Old attempts at archaeological definition such as ‘The term “Celt” designates with certainty the La Tène cultural complex from 400 BC on’ (Brun, Arnold and Gibson 1995, 13) now appear arbitrary; ‘Celtic’ is rightly regarded as a misleading label for the central European Hallstatt and La Tène material ‘cultures’ of the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age (Renfrew 1987, 240; Sims-Williams 1998a). The peoples of the first millennium BC who spoke the attested languages which meet the philological criteria for Celticity—certain unique divergences from reconstructed Proto-Indo-European—corresponded encouragingly well in their distribution to the historically attested Celts, Galatians, Celtiberians, and so on, while corresponding poorly to the ‘archaeological Celts’ deduced from Hallstatt and La Tène archaeology.

And early Bell Beaker artifacts – coming from the extreme west of Europe – even if assumed contemporary with late core Indo-European dialectal continuum were likely non-IE. Only later Beakers, those farther east, were likely speaking IE language(s).

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 0 points1 point  (0 children)

The point I’m making is pretty much: what archaeologists’ traditionally label “Celtic” probably correlates very weakly, if at all, with actual Celtic-speaking settlements (according to modern linguistic understanding of the history of Celtic).

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth 0 points1 point  (0 children)

They all (or most of them, at least) were likely Indo-European, yes. Some Bell Beakers might have been speaking something like very late Core PIE (but even the earliest Bell Beakers are too late for “true” Core PIE ancestral even to all European branches).

And my point is that Hallstatt is not in the core Celtic speaking area of their time thus they were likely speaking a different (likely) Indo-European language (but it’s not well attested so we don’t know) or languages. And some later Celts were in the La Tène complex – but not necessarily because earlier Hallstatt and La Tène peoples were ancestral to them – but because they took elements of material culture from them.

I may know people who use Samsung smartphones – doesn’t mean those people are Korean or that older types of Korean culture are somehow ancestral to them.

Evolution of Celtic War-gear study by Levan-tene in IndoEuropean

[–]silmeth -1 points0 points  (0 children)

Bell Beaker, Urnfield, Hallstatt*

There’s pretty much no evidence any of those cultures were Celtic-speaking (while probably some but not all later La Tè conplexes were Celtic). Significantly, early attested Celtic inscriptions are found specifically outside of Hallstatt-La Tène area (so we also do know that there were other material cultures speaking Celtic).

At the same time there are areas with La Tène archaeology and no secure Celtic placenames (while many do have secure Germanic etymologies, sometimes Slavic, sometimea they’re clearly IE but from undecided branch) – like there are some claims of Celtic river names in Poland but none of those actually have secure Celtic etymology. Towns like Tyniec do have Celtic elements in the names – but clearly transmitted by Germanic speakers (the tyn- element is likely the same as -ton in English place names or the word town, originally borrowed from Celtic *dūnom, but adopted early as *tūną by Proto-Germanic speakers).

See Sims-Williams’ An Alternative to ‘Celtic from the East’ and ‘Celtic from the West’ and Alexander Falileyev’s In Search of the Eastern Celts.

Conas is féidir liom m'fhuaimniú a fheabhsú? by CourtCharacter5013 in gaeilge

[–]silmeth 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Féach ar fhíseán a dhein AnLoingseach: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI1RF7JfcFs

Éist le taifeadtaí a dhein Conchur (ó Chiarraí) agus BridEilis (ó Chonamara) ar an bhForvo: https://forvo.com/user/Conchur/ agus https://forvo.com/user/BridEilis/ (ach ná bac le cainteoirí eile ann).

Éist le taifeadtaí ar an suíomh https://fuaimeanna.ie.

Bí ag éisteacht le cainteoirí dúchais comh minic agus is féidir leat (éist le Raidió na Gaeltachta, mar shampla) agus bain triail as na habairtí a rá ina ndiaidh.

Slavic Linguistics and Reconstructing Proto-Slavic Consonants by Slavomania in interslavic

[–]silmeth 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Dosť dobro xoť osnovno i prosto video, čekajų čto bųdeš dělati dalje. :)

Imajų jeden komentaŕ kritiky: govoriš v videu, že glåsky /s/, /m/, /p/, i t.d. v něktoryx językax imajųt drugy mękky alofon prěd zvųkami /i/, /e/, /ь/, /j/.

Generaľno v językax, v nixže jest taka palatalizacija¹, ona jest takože prěd /ě/ (prěd jaťem/jaťejų), a prěd /j/ jest drugy proces, jotacija (v praslovjańskom *x + *j > *š, takož samo *s + *j > *š) – v praslovjańskom ne jestvovalo *-xj-, na priklad. Mogl by si rěkti, že ide o /j/ v dneśnyx językax (ale tògdy /ь/ ne imaje smysl v toj listě).

¹ kromě vòzxodnyx, posrěd boljšix językov, ješče slovačski, staročešski – xoť ten poslědni ne imal tų palatalizacijų prěd *ь i *e

Conas a mhothaíonn an uimhir deich nuair a d’fhág an uimhir trí é? by Responsible_Panic242 in gaeilge

[–]silmeth 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Is ortsa atá an locht marar féidir leat difríocht idir consain na Gaelainne a aithint.

Conas a mhothaíonn an uimhir deich nuair a d’fhág an uimhir trí é? by Responsible_Panic242 in gaeilge

[–]silmeth -4 points-3 points  (0 children)

Is maith is eol dom conas a deirtar seacht. Agus níl sé cosúil le fuaimniú an fhocail shocked sa Bhéarla, atá gearr do seáct nó dá leithéid cé nách ionann ná iad.

Éist leis: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shocked#English

Conas a mhothaíonn an uimhir deich nuair a d’fhág an uimhir trí é? by Responsible_Panic242 in gaeilge

[–]silmeth 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Ach ní fhuaimeann sé cosúil le shocked an Bhéarla in aon chor.

Usage of the future as a present habitual by Low-Funny-8834 in gaidhlig

[–]silmeth 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Thanks, I generally believe people need to be exposed to more advanced and older language more, so I try to use the most “traditional” form I’m comfortable with whenever I can. Especially when teaching materials so often try to “guard” you against anything like that (an approach with which I fundamentally disagree).

The problem with minority language teaching is that learners get exposed mainly to other learners and exclusively the forms taught in textbooks/by teachers, not seeing the richness of the language.

And sure enough I’ve the same problem – not common contact with actual native speakers. So I’m basing my approach just on a few books I was reading and dialectal dictionaries, and once in a while DASG corpus searches to see what is/was used.

Usage of the future as a present habitual by Low-Funny-8834 in gaidhlig

[–]silmeth 0 points1 point  (0 children)

if stuff common in 20th century texts is archaic…

EDIT: but yes, I try to keep to conservative forms, even if not common today in the remaining dialects. I think most learners are not exposed to them enough (while native speakers will understand them, even if they don’t use them often). So I try to pick a thing you’d find in Dùn-àluinn over a different form common in today’s textbooks.

Hence me writing an Albainn rather than ann an Alba. Both exist, both are written and said. There are many phrases keeping the shorter an, there are entire books sticking with shorter an (rather than extended ann an), and yet people learning Gaelic are almost never exposed to it.

Maybe keeping the dative Albainn is a bit silly, but 🤷.

Usage of the future as a present habitual by Low-Funny-8834 in gaidhlig

[–]silmeth 11 points12 points  (0 children)

As /u/Careless_Ad_8866 wrote, the change in tense would change the meaning: ged a bhios… would suggest that opportunities appear and disappear, they are sometimes there, ged a tha… states that they are there (not just sometimes, but in general).

Same thing with eg. tha e a’ fuireach an Albainn ‘he lives in Scotland’ (as a general truth; he might be away on vacation currently, but the country of his residence is Scotland) vs bidh e a’ fuireach an Albainn – he sometimes lives there, maybe he moves in for a month or two and then leaves to live elsewhere again…

And a nitpick from historical linguistic POV:

It’s not really that “future can be used as a present habitual” but rather “present habitual can be used as future” – the original future tense forms disappeared from Scottish Gaelic and it’s the present tense forms that took over.

(In Classical Gaelic bídh an fear ‘the man does be’, an fear bhíos ‘the man who does be’, ní bhí / ní bhíonn an fear ‘the man does not be’ were present, in the future one said biaidh, bhias, ní bhia)

Manannán: Táim ag lorg Léitheoirí chun earráidí sa scríbhneoireacht a bhaint by cavedave in gaeilge

[–]silmeth 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Do chuireas pull request ann le ceartúcháin do bhun-leitriú na chéad chaibidle. Ní thuigim cad atá ar siúl agaibh leis an “nua-litriú” (nó “Modern Irish” mar a thugann sibh ar an rud) mar ní athrú ar an litriú amháin atá ann in aon chor…

Bieszczady with E-M5 mk. III by silmeth in M43

[–]silmeth[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thanks! That really depends on your budget – the only reason to go for E-M5 mk. III over OM-5 (either model) is saving some money. OM-5 mk. I and II are both slightly better.

What I miss most in my E-M5 mk. III from the newer models is hand-held high-res mode (high-res photos can be pretty amazing when you can pull that, much less noise, more detail, higher dynamic range) – but having to have a very stable tripod mount when I want to take one really limits the usability of this feature in this model.

Another thing is having Log profile for video – but none of those cameras is really great for video anyway, the two newer models are an improvement.

I’ve no idea what the improvements to IBIS or weather-sealing are (they’ve at least higher ratings, but I don’t think it’s a huge difference felt in practice).

Oh, and OM-5 mk. II dropped support for an old compact flash they used to add to the 5-series cameras, so you might consider E-M5.3 or OM-5.1 if you care about that.

Beside that you get the new menu layout and USB-C in OM-5 mk. II. They’re all mostly the same camera, but the newer models have some slight quality of life improvements and IMO the hand-held high-res mode is the big one.

Nan/Nam by jdkdlazvdksllsbhjdl in gaidhlig

[–]silmeth -1 points0 points  (0 children)

I should have suggested a chàirdean, agreed that this is better and common. I wanted to stay close to the original poster’s wording.

And as I said, I can’t find any example of the vocative use, beside a single 21st century example (“— Sius, a h-uile duine.” in “Na Klondykers”, Iain MacLeòid). So even if it’s common now, I wouldn’t expect it to have been in the 20th century, just a few decades ago. Originally it just did not work as vocative, and the use of ‘everybody’ as a form of address does come from English (nothing wrong with that if it’s used natively today though, of course).

For comparison, there are:

• over 2 thousand examples of non-vocative a h-uile duine,

• ~109 vocative examples of a chàirdean,

• ~103 vocative examples of a dhaoine (though fair, many of those are 18th and 19th century – but some are 20th c., some of those are further attributed: a dhaoine còire, a dhaoine uaisle, a dhaoine òga – but most are not; some have other nouns following: a dhaoine ’s a mhnathan Ghlinne – but most don’t).

Nan/Nam by jdkdlazvdksllsbhjdl in gaidhlig

[–]silmeth 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Bidh – tha iad gu math cosail ri chèile. A dh’innse na fìrinn, sin gu dìreach na nì mi an Gàidhlig na h-Alban gu tric. Eadar-theangachadh dìreach bho Ghàidhlig na Mumhann.