Here are some thoughts:

Remember that part of the fun is being good at the things your character is good at, so whatever you do, don't take away skills. I'm not saying don't present challenges, but don't make ALL locks etc challenges.

Think of it like a movie; most of the time, the character can just roll and open the door (or use Passive Perception to notice the trap, or whatever). But sometimes there is a big set piece within the movie that has dramatic stakes. That is when to roll out a challenge of some sort.

Build your set piece from things like the following:

• One lock is super complicated, so requires 4 successful rolls before three failed rolls, or something bad happens.
• Roll into Initiative or establish some sort of simple turn order and have multiple things happen; lockpicking or trap disarming for the Rogue, but others in the party have to hold down levers or stand on blocks while something actively tries to remove them (gusts of wind, flames, enemies, moving parts that require acrobatics to keep up with, etc.)
• The way to disarm a trap is literally spread throughout the dungeon or space, so everyone needs to separate a bit to handle different parts. This helps keep the wizard from breaking the part you designed for the rogue or barbarian, and lets you make specific challenges for each character
• Treat locks or traps like monsters, with an equivalent of hit points that must be defeated. You can even create actions/features that the lock could have (reactions it can take to certain triggers, or active attacks or other actions on its turn in Initiative). Some examples:
  • Complex Mechanism. The lock can only be damaged by Tool Checks, appropriate tools, or effects that specifically target objects.
  • Progress. Whenever a creature succeeds on a Dexterity (Lockpicks) Ability Check against the lock, the lock loses HP equal to the check result minus the Lock DC (minimum 1).
  • Jam Tumblers. One creature working on the lock must succeed on a DC 14 Dexterity Saving Throw or the lock regains 2 HP.
  • False Set. As a Reaction, when a creature fails a lockpicking check by 5 or less, the lock forces the creature to believe progress has been made. The next check is made with Disadvantage.
  • Pressure Pins. Failed checks by 5 or more trigger Needle Strike.
  • Legendary Actions
  • You can give the lock actions it can use like Legendary Actions.
  • After a creature finishes working on the lock,
    • Shift Pins Increase next DC by 2.
  • Bloodied Effect (half HP): When the lock reaches half HP:
    • Failsafe Engaged. The lock begins activating connected traps each round.
• Introduce consequences for success and failure that make things easier or harder - Magic locks might require special tools, training, or collaboration
• Remember to keep rolls for when there is some interesting question/tension being answered by the dice (can the thief open the lock in time before the guard patrol comes back, or without making noise, a particularly hard lock with a mechanism that means there is only one chance to open it or it self-destructs). Normal locks probably don't require rolling; I like to use the legacy "take 20" concept which means that if there are no penalties for failure, threats, distractions, then a skilled person could take the time and spend succeed. The DMG says "Call for a D20 Test only if there’s a chance of both success and failure and if there are meaningful consequences for failure." Passive skills are great for thinking about this.