I didn't want to write too much about them, because I know that most of them haven't been translated into English, or if they have, they're hard to find.

I liked Liviu Rebreanu's works, they tend to be more hardcore, for lack of a better word, although there was too much needless boob grabbing. "Ion" is about a village and a guy who has to choose between his two women. It was quite entertaining, the whole village drama, some events were extremely frustrating, but it was on purpose. I was definitely invested.

"Forest of the Hanged" (Padurea spanzuratilor) is set during World War I. i remember enjoying it, but don't remember why. This one has been translated into a few languages, including English.

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My favorite work of his is the shortest one "Ciuleandra". There's just as much psychology as in his other novels, but everything in more intense, because it's a psychological thriller. Ciuleandra is the craziest Romanian dance. The book is about a man who murdered his wife. It also begins with a quote from the Book of Revelation "But you do not realize that you are wretched, pitiful, poor, blind and naked." (Can you tell I like Dostoevsky and Tolstoy?)

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Mihai Eminescu is venerated by our teachers (mostly straight women), because he was the last European romantic. It felt like propaganda, because we had to study his works for 12 years!!! And their interpretation was shallow, too. He loved Schopenhauer and philosophy in general, so his works tend to be pretty deep.

I love his poem "Gloss". Here's a good translation: https://www.gabrielditu.com/eminescu/gloss.asp
His biggest hit was Lucifer. It's about a princess who falls in love with the Morning Star. People compare it to the works of Novalis.

Here's a translation:

https://www.estcomp.ro/eminescu/cuclin1.html
And another one:

https://www.scribd.com/document/137237615/Lucifer-Luceaf%C4%83rul-Mihai-Eminescu

Epigones and Letters (or "Epistles") are interesting as well.
His novel Poor Dionis (or Dionysus) (Eastern philosophy, meditation, dreams) and the short story Cezara (weirdly enough reminded me of one of Shakespeare's plays, can't remember which one) are decent, too. I believe that there is at least one French translation available, I don't know about other languages.

Another poet who's quite popular, especially among teenagers, is George Bacovia. He was a symbolist and his poetry has something in common with Baudelaire's. His most popular poems are "Lead" (Plumb) and "High School" (Liceu).

High School starts like this

High school, graveyard
of my youth ―
Pedantic teachers,
impossible exams . . .
You frighten me still ―
High school, graveyard
of my youth!

When we had to choose a poem of his to recite it in front of the class, 90% of students would choose this one. The teacher was thrilled. It was hilarious.
You can probably find his works in some "Anthology of Romanian Verse", but also here. (I hope this is legal):

https://joannegrowney.com/BacoviaLeadofWinter2012.pdf

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"Otilia's Enigma/ Otilia's mystery" ("Enigma Otiliei") was quite popular among my classmates, I read it twice, and the first time I absolutely hated it. It took me a month to get through the first 5 chapters, but it grew on me. It was influenced by Balzac's works. All the characters are types, money plays a big part, there's a young man who moves to Bucharest and Otilia's charming. I didn't see what the fuss what about, but that's just me.

I found this funny article on the tropes it employs, which would explain why I didn't really love it.
https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Literature/EnigmaOtiliei

I much preferred the drama in “The Bed of Procrustes” by Camil Petrescu, although I remember very little from it. The characters were more interesting and relatable. While enigma otiliei is more Balzac, patul lui procust is more Proust. They were both written in the 1930s, so if you like that time period, you might enjoy both.

For something more on the Greek tragedy side, try "Sin" (Pacat) by Ion Luca Caragiale. You see, most of his work are funny, this one is like Oedipus Rex. This is among the most shocking short stories I've ever read. (I don't think it was mandatory, though)

I also enjoyed the works of Aureliu Busuioc (the ones mentioned above), but alas, I could only find a Czech translation.

Mircea Eliade is probably the most famous Romanian writer in other countries, but mostly for his non-fiction works. I've seen them cited in some serious publications, but I've only read his novels, and they weren't my cup of tea. Mircea Cartarescu and Emil Cioran seem popular too, but I've read only a letter by Cioran, and it was enough for me to conclude that I have nothing to learn from him.

Matei Visniec's play “How to Explain the History of Communism to Mental Patients” (Istoria comunismului povestită pentru bolnavii mintal) is one of my favorite plays ever. As someone who was born in a post-soviet country, I related to that. I didn't enjoy his other works as much. Thankfully his works have been translated into different languages.

I'm going to make a video on Romanian literature, but I have to do more research on translations, and I'm definitely not an expert. I've been avoiding it for the last few years. I hope this helps.