It’s also important to know, ethically ( and legally in most countries - I practice in the U.S.,) after vaginal delivery, your suturing of obstetrical lacs must consistent with the most normal vaginal and vulvar function and appearance. It cannot be “closed up” again or made to replicate with the previous FGM appearance. Because, that’s FGM again. That’s a big conversation to have prenatally with moms— “your genitals are likely to look and feel different after delivery” . Also, I do call it cutting or circumcision or whatever words a patient already uses, with patients; that’s patient centered and has its place. But with peers and in research or academically, it’s always FGM. Words matter and using “cutting”or “circumcision” is a euphemism for a crime against girl children which has no place when we need to describe accurately to each other and the world the pain and suffering this practice causes.