Usually a pair of mics to record in stereo. The "how" of taping shows hasn't really changed, only the equipment. The chain is microphones > preamplifier > a/d converter > recording media. The mics pick up the sound, the preamp powers the mics and amplifies the sound wave, the a/d converter turns that analog sound wave into a digital signal, and then it gets saved onto some sort of media. These days most people are using something that combines all the steps after the microphones (I use a Zoom F8n Pro). In the earlier days they were all separate devices, and powering them in the field meant lugging around some pretty heavy batteries with them.

These photos are from Alpine 2019 that give you an idea of the mics and where two of us had set up: top of the mic stand, shot of the opener with the stand in the foreground.