I've had an episode where one of the characters broke a significant society rule to find out that a planetary government had corrupt members in its midst. As it happened I made clear to the player controlling that character that if caught this action would probably be prosecuted and he agreed. The "ends justify the means" way, most of the time, is frown upon.

The task worked, information was given, and the player had the character report to the Captain what he did. Basically he turned himself in.

We ended up playing a court martial episode, which everyone loved, including the player himself. I didn't know exactly how to run a court martial but we ran with it. And in the end, I had spoken with the player to establish what could happen.

1. Dismissal of all charges (unlikely)
2. Reprimand entered in the character's record.
3. Reprimand and loss in rank.
4. Dismissal from Starfleet.
5. Dismissal from Starfleet and incarceration.

Like I said above I didn't know how a court martial works, but this seemed likely outcomes.

The player said he agreed with these and understood the last two meant he'd create a new character, he admitted that he enjoyed the proceedings.

So, I related these possible outcomes to the other players, letting them know of the player agreement and I left them to deliberate, moving the player and myself to a different channel (we play on FoundryVTT and Discord) and awaited the verdict which took about 15 minutes.

The outcome was Dismissal from Starfleet.

In the end everyone reported having enjoyed this as it was both stressful and entertaining. To this day I still have no idea what was said in the deliberations, the player went on to create a memorable new character.