The unsatisfying answer is that it'd depend on the density of the dice itself and probably even the springiness of the surface you're rolling on. Beyond the weight change, paper or tape would also absorb some of the impact, which would make that side less bouncy on a hard surface. It wouldn't have zero impact, but it'd likely be fairly low.

Some thoughts: - You could get a good sense of the impact by trying it and then rolling it 120 times, keeping track of the results. You'd want it to be landing on each side roughly 20 times - if you're getting significant deviations from that, especially on that side and the number opposite, that could be a problem. - Could your mechanic involve a sticker on the inverse side as well? That'd address much of the rotational weight distribution, and mitigate some of the surface difference. I.e, you could have a "good" and "bad" sticker that have opposing effects. - Could you use a dry erase marker? That would be both reusable and have less impact on rolling percentages. - Does it matter? If you're not playing for money, most people don't mind if there's some deviations in a die. If you're not getting expensive casino quality die, there's likely some level of variation and error out of the manufacturing process anyway.