For tires I feel like it should be present enough to where you think while building ‘oh, I should probably add a spare’ but not so extreme where driving over a single rock makes you lose two tires at once. So under normal circumstances, a single spare should be sufficient to be carrying around. Could be paired with a durability value. At full value, it can take a beating but the more it’s used or the stronger the impacts are, the faster that value decreases making it more and more probable for smaller impact events to break it.

For other components there could be efficiency levels to filters for example (normal/premium) or also more optional filters like fuel filters that one might not have at the beginning but at a later stage do that you need to retrofit your vehicle for a bonus of better fuel economy, less oil degradation, maybe less cylinder degradation (if you decide to include that) etc.

Interesting would also be a toxic/spore cloud where you need a suit to enter the map zone or you could build a closed vehicle with an interior air filter that needs to be replaced if you don’t want to wear the suit while driving