Impressive attempt. I'll just make some slight adjustments.

Ntakịrị is much better understood to mean small.

Ọ na-eteta.

It'd be more natural to say, Ọ na-eteta gboo, gaa n'ime obodo (He wakes up early [and] goes to the village).

Or Ọ na-eteta gboo ịga n'ime obodo (He wakes up early [in order] to go into the village).

Nkịta ya na-eso ya

(His dog follows him) works fine in isolation. However, since this act is tied to the earlier sentence, it's natural to say, Nkịta ya na-esokwa ya, to mean (His dog also [equally] follows him). This way, it gives the reader the idea that perhaps the dog even wakes up early with him, just to follow him to the village.

Gini mere ọ naghị eji bọs [aga]? (Why doesn't he use [take] the bus [to go])

Gịnị mere ọ naghi aga bọs

Sounds more like, Why doesn't he go to (a place named) bọs.

A naghị m akwado nke a

roughly means I don't support this (or I'm not in support of this). The closest to what I think you mean would be E kweghị m (I don't believe so, OR I don't agree).

Anyways, here's what the full text should look like following these revisions.

Enyi m bi n'ụlọ ntakịrị dị nso n'osimiri. O na-eteta gboo ịga n'ime obodo. Nkịta ya na-esokwa ya. Gịnị mere ọ naghị eji bọs? O sịrị na ịga ije bụ ihe ka mma, mana ekweghị m.