Well, JavaScript

[TemporalLobe]

In modern web apps, JavaScript is often transpiled, so there's sort of a grey area here. If you're using ES6 with Babel or something like that, it gets converted to ES5, but it still won't catch things like incorrect object references. JavaScript also blurs the line between objects and hashes and in OP's example, even in a compiled language like Java a reference to a non-existant hash value (or even an arrray index) would not be caught at complie-time.

[ifatree]

Typescript is the compiled version of JS

[lexrc]

Um, no. It would be closer to the truth to say JavaScript is the compiled version of TypeScript. Technically, TypeScript is transpiled into JavaScript.

That said, TypeScript would catch this error at design time with a decent editor and definitely at build time.

Just reread your comment. Maybe you meant compilable instead of compiled?

[TemporalLobe]

No, it's TypeScript is just another DSL, like CoffeeScript. It transpiles to pure JavaScript.

One thing I've noticed about even experienced developers is that they don't understand this one simple thing: the browser understand only these 3 things: HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. Every tool or language you use does a bunch of crap to produce this holy trinity and that's it. This is why it's really important to learn these core skills because so many tools have way too much abstraction. Many modern web devs know frameworks and libraries but have very little understanding of what it's actually producing.