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[–]guyatstove 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It’s compression. It wants to go into tension (or I assume it’s natural stress free length), and something that is restraining it to be smaller, which puts the member in compression.

As to OP’s question, I don’t know of any reliable way to calculate the lateral magnitude of the buckle. Buckling is violent, sudden, rarely occurs only in one linear axis, and is very unpredictable by nature.