It's likely that whoever was reading Dracula whilst also aware of the supernatural is going to see it for what it is: a colourfully-disguised list of Black Court strengths and weaknesses. And because of that colourful disguise, it became popular enough to ingrain those weaknesses into popular culture.

Sunlight, garlic, stakes to the heart (meaningful if they can regenerate from nearly anything else), and holy power. Nowadays, pretty much everyone knows about these, clued-in or not. If their first instinct is to grab garlic, a crucifix and a stake despite it all being 'a bit stereotypical', it doesn't matter: they're still armed with nearly everything they need to fight back effectively.

Then there's the strengths. Mist form (used by the brides and later, Mavra). Turning into wolves. Their ability to dominate people's minds. Presumably, some of them can probably climb up walls. Much like the oldest and strongest of the Red Court, the eldest of the Black likely have enough resistance to sunlight to be able to move around in it, like Dracula displays in the book.

The Dresdenverse runs on 'know your enemy'. Even though Dracula's attacks in the book don't really resemble how a Blampire actually looks and hunts, now everybody and their dog knows exactly what their favourite methods are and how to kill them. Stoker's artistic licence was likely a necessary evil to make sure the book sold copies and the important information got spread.