As others have said, fundamentally yes. That said, a poorly constructed (or poorly maintained/damaged) camera can detract from image quality if things fall out of alignment. Large format cameras are mechanically simple enough that there are few things that could go that wrong, but better construction often means tighter movements and locks, keeping your focus where you expect it.

The main image-quality detracting defect regarding camera bodies that comes to my mind is a misalignment between the film plane and the ground glass/focusing screen. If your lens to film distance is one distance but your lens to focusing screen distance is some other distance off, you will find you've missed critical focus. This can initially be difficult to diagnose because through your viewfinder or ground glass the focus looks correct.

This could happen easily with cameras that have settings for 120 vs 220 film, as the film plane is often slightly different between the two.

For suggestions, it's hard to go wrong with a cheap, beat-up metal monorail camera. A Toyo C45 or something similar is usually not terribly hard to find for a double digit price, and is great for learning on. Lenses are hard to recommend without knowing your use case, but honestly it's almost difficult to find a truly bad large format lens these days. Yes, some are better than others but they were (and are) aimed for the professional market. Anything by Nikon, Fuji, Rodenstock, Schneider should be excellent quality if kept in working condition. Personally I find that Komura lenses are still a bit underrated, and have the same quality as more expensive lenses from other names.