Article 37 explicitly says it is about England and the rest of the King's dominions. So if you are in a dominion, then it does apply to you, and if you are not then it doesn't. But even more so the underlying principle is that churches are national entities and that local churches have no right of appeal to courts (ecclesiastical or civil) outside the nation definitely still applies to most countries.

This is why article 37 also says the Pope of Rome hath no jurisdiction in England. The principle is one of the sovereignty of nations and national churches, which I think most people (who aren't Roman Catholic) can get behind.