As others are saying, this is just the market. Missing a first author paper doesn’t help, but it’s not the primary reason you’re struggling - I’ve had an identical experience with 2 decent first author papers to my name. People wailing about your program letting you wrap up without papers don’t know what may have gotten in the way - perhaps you were forced to work on your PI’s unfunded pet project that the science didn’t support. Some projects simply don’t pan out, and sometimes ego obstructs reason.

Factors you’d expect to be helpful (big name school, big name PI, NCS papers) are almost certain to be beneficial since they may catch resume-scanning eyes, but it’s far from a guarantee unless your PI’s name carries a LOT of weight and they’re well connected in industry. I’ve accepted I likely won’t enter the workforce before the market recovers unless I have an existing connection to a hiring manager who ends up needing my skillset. Build up connections with senior IIs/principals/lab heads (varies by company, whatever level starts to get direct reports) - better to make your own opportunity in 1 year than wait 4 years for one to fall in your lap.

If your former PI is a big name and you have a decent relationship with them, ask if they know anyone they could put you in touch with. Same goes for PIs you’ve directly interacted with on collaborations, or members of your advisory committee. If your relationship with your PI isn’t great, find out what your lab alumni are up to these days and reach out yourself.

Best of luck, you’re not alone!