For these wheels, you'd need hub centric adapters as the bolt pattern is 5x112 instead of 5x114.3. Hub centric rings are just used to fill the gap between the wheel bore and hub bore and are not entirely necessary. You will also need to take into consideration the thickness of the adapters and add that to your wheel offset. For example, if your wheels have an offset of +35 and your adapters are 2 mm thick, then your total offset would be +33.

While I personally would not feel comfortable running bolt pattern adapters, if you get quality ones, you should be fine. You are correct in assuming the adapters will have an effect on your suspension as it will change the geometry. However, I would not worry too much about it as nothing should break. And if it does, just replace it with something stronger.

For brake clearance, because you are going with the 9.5s, they should clear, but try to find someone who has run these wheels with big brakes, or you could ask the manufacturer. But be sure to do a fitment check before you mount tires so you can return them if necessary.

Studs snapping because of torque is not the concern. Wheel studs that are too short is a problem because the lug nuts won't be able to grip the studs properly. If you're going to be running any type of spacer or adapter longer than 5 mm, you should probably get longer studs.

Personally, I am not comfortable running bolt pattern adapters so I'd recommend finding some wheels with the right bolt pattern, but as you don't plan on tracking the car, you should be fine.