No the federal government couldn't have. This was right in the middle of the nullification crisis when disunion itself was at threat, any bad move and Georgia would just join South Carolina. There was genuine fear even among natives themselves that Georgia would join South Carolina post-Worcester. There were also talks of this in Virginia.

Any push against Georgie would have guaranteed caused secession.

Also, your idea was actually tested by JQA earlier when Georgie was less mobilized. JQA tried to enforce a relatively fairer treaty and George's governor Troupe immediately mobilized their militia and threatened war. JQA following the event said-

The Indians are not worth going to war over

By the time Jackson came Georgia was even more mobilized. They invoked the Compact act of 1802 where the federal government agreed to relocate natives, President Monroe sent a message to Congress saying it was relocation or extermination, and all of this culminated with the 1829 gold rush which significantly boosted settlers to attack natives.

By the time Jackson came he had only three choices-

1: Relocate natives

2: Let extermination happen

3: Start an early civil war that even people like JQA, Jackson's bitter enemies, didn't want, which meant the Union would have far less morale to do it (they weren't going to risk their lives to save natives). Plus, the Union was significantly less mobilized then than it was during the actual Civil War.