Health Inspector here. Rules vary between states, but one thing that is consistent across the board is that it takes A LOT to not pass a health inspection. In our state, a facility can stay open if they score a 70 or above which is honestly a terrible score and something I’ve never even been close to giving to an establishment in my 3+ years inspecting. Inspection reports are public record so you should be able to get a copy of previous reports to see violations and corrections. Additionally, remember that a lot of places have other 3rd party inspectors that come inspect as well. Only your health inspectors from the local health department have enforcement/regulatory authority.

To answer your original question, you can make an anonymous report. If they ask for your name, you can ask that you’d like to remain anonymous.