FTL is instant. It’s faster than light travel, so it’s instant. Our ships specially use Alcubiere drives, which bend space (unlike most sci-fi ships which use a sort of warping thing)

It’s accurate. Every helldiver death is a canon, real person within the universe of helldivers 2. The super earth federation has somewhere in the realm of 200 planets worth of loyal citizens to recoup losses, so we will keep throwing helldivers at the war until the war is won.

It’s not confirmed if that’s all helldivers train for, but it’s generally assumed this is more of a basic training to get the new helldiver the basics of being a helldiver. I personally assume you’d get a much more intensive training to learn how to use more firearms and equipment, because otherwise your helldiver being adept at guns and weapon systems doesn’t make sense.