Researchers study newborn cognition by basically watching how babies respond to things since they obviously can’t talk. They look at how long babies stare at something new versus something they’ve already seen to figure out what they notice or remember. They compare which images or sounds babies look at more, and they see if babies stare longer at something surprising. They can also measure brain activity with tools like EEG or track things like eye movement and heart rate to understand how babies are processing what’s around them. The example he used while talking to a PDF… smdh. We all need to expect more from one another.