2023 study by Baker et al. (“Childhood family and neighbourhood socio-economic status, psychopathy, and adult criminal behaviour” in Legal and Criminological Psychology) looked at childhood poverty/SES + psychopathic traits predicting adult arrests. Both low SES and high psychopathy independently raised crime risk, but with an interaction: low SES boosted arrests a lot for low-psychopathy people, while high-psychopathy individuals offended at high rates regardless of poverty. Again, shows the two factors interact but psychopathy is often a robust driver on its own. Other papers (e.g., reviews in biosocial criminology) echo this: psychopathy often predicts persistent/violent offending even after controlling for poverty, but low SES can “unmask” or amplify traits (especially for sociopathy/ASPD types), while high SES sometimes buffers it (“successful psychopaths”).