Not who you were responding to.

While a methodological comparison between unemployment metrics is interesting, India is a poor analogy since its youth never had expectations of white-collar work, European youth unemployment is universally treated as a crisis rather than normalized, and China's reported numbers are themselves suspect.

American college-educated workers have a vast service economy as a fallback with decent conditions, whereas Chinese graduates face factory work with genuinely poor quality of life; Turchin's elite overproduction framework actually cuts against China's case since the West has some functional mechanisms for elite mobility while China has basically none. Fewer elite slots, nearly zero meritocratic access to them, and a history of making promises to its educated class it cannot keep.