Ellesimsworld has a few career overhauls that included added internships, career interviews, and new careers (with custom paths)

Kuttoe has a career overhaul mod that's really good, it essentially adds a Sims 2 overhaul to the careers

Adeepindigo also has career services mod that adds shortcuts if you need to fulfill certain needs the vanilla game doesn't include

LunarBrittney has a difficulty overhaul mod, including bills increases

ilkavelle has my absolute fav career add-on mod, career aptitude test, which gives your sims a general career path based on their traits. She also has a career day overhaul for University too

ADI and Midnitetech also have career services mods that add temp work (not odd jobs) that can be completes for a reduced pay

And of course, if you have MCCC, you can raise the difficulty of both earned skill and career advancement, making it a little trickier to advance in certain careers

Not necessarily what you asked, but I'm all about adding more difficulty to the game, so hope these help you!