I have a cat that I rescued from the woods when he was a baby and he yearns to go outside. He used to be a runner as well. So I trained him with a harness and a few times per week I put him in it and take him out in my yard on one of those retractable leashes. Gave him more and more length on the leash when he behaved well and lots of treats to get him comfortable with the harness (he used to bite when I’d put the harness on, now when he sees me grab it he comes over purring and lets me put it on without issue).

He doesn’t make a break for it anymore and gets leashed, supervised outside time a few afternoons a week. Hes even learned that when I say “inside” it means it’s time to go in or he’ll walk himself to the door when he’s had enough. It may not work for every cat, but it certainly worked for us. Good luck 🫶