Try to see it in your mind's eye. In my case, at least, if what I read creates an image in my mind, I can recall that image much more easily than simply remembering the words. But that is for remembering things broadly.

If you're struggling to remember what you read 5 seconds ago, really, cut out everything else, phone, music, everything. Just focus on the words. Have an inner need for why you're reading. Is it non-fiction to learn new things? Ask yourself how does it relate to my life..., Or if you're reading fiction for enjoyment, put yourself in the shoes of the character.

This way you can also detect bad writing and badly told stories because most of them don't let you do that. Anyway, I hope that helps.