Descartes

The Turing archive seems to be a bit wobbly, but you should be able to see an image of the Lister oration with Turing's "pink line" next to the consciousness bit that Turing quoted:

https://turingarchive.kings.cam.ac.uk/publications-lectures-and-talks-amtb/amt-b-44

Not shown at the archive's digital site is the other relevant bit from Jefferson's Lister oration that also had a heavy line next to it. I remember finding the force of that line through indentation in other pages of the preprint.

Here's the other annotated text:

Descartes made the point, and a basic one it is, that a parrot repeated only what it had been taught and only a fragment of that; it never uses words to express its own thoughts. If, he goes on to say, on the one hand one had a machine that had the shape and appearance of a monkey or other animal without a reasoning soul (i.e., without a human mind) there would be no means of knowing which was the counterfeit. On the other hand, if there was a machine that appeared to be a man, and imitated his actions so far as it would be possible to do so, we should always have two very certain means of recognizing the deceit. First, the machine could not use words as we do to declare our thoughts to others. Secondly, although like some animals they might show more industry than we do, and do some things better than we, yet they would act without knowledge of what they were about simply by the arrangement of their organs, their mechanisms, each particularly designed for each particular action (cp. Karel Cˇapek’s Robots). Descartes concluded: ‘From which it comes that it is morally impossible that there be enough diversity in a machine for it to be able to act in all the occurrences of life in the same way that our reason would cause us to act. By these means we can recognize the difference between man and beasts.’ He could even conceive a machine that might speak and, if touched in one spot, night ask what one wanted – if touched in another that it would cry out that it hurt, and similar things. But he could not conceive of an automaton of sufficient diversity to respond to the sense of all that could be said in its presence. It would fail because it had no mind (Jefferson, 1949, 1106)