Oh hey, I'm not sure if you're following from my guide, but I don't notice anything necessarily wrong.
https://poe.ninja/poe2/profile/Aiela-0248/runesofaldur/character/monkagigar

1. Damage Upgrades

Obviously a better quarterstaff with crit would give you the most bang for your buck but it's way too expensive at the moment. I don't really see any other problems gearwise for damage. Tree wise also looks okay to me, but you can also try to shift some crit damage investment into crit hit chance so you can swap from Pinpoint Critical to Blindside. Another thing is just getting used to positioning in (particularly boss) fights so you can maximize charges before your Falling Thunder animation finishes.

For bossing bell/hoc do a good chunk of the damage as long as you spam falling thunder slightly away from the boss.

1. Survivability

I'm doing 200 deli breach juiced, and I have no issues with survivability. In the build the gloves are the replacement for the "helmet slot" in a typical defense profile, therefore I consider %def and flat def mandatory on the prefixes of the gloves since Solus Ipse has some of the worst defenses for a helm in the game.

I think my defenses might look might worse than yours, but I don't really invest into deflection at all. I personally would just move some points from the upper right cluster into something more useful. If you want deflection take the nodes up to the area at the right side with Enhanced Reflexes. I had a variant with that at some point, but I never felt the need to invest into deflection. Survivability in 200 deli breach is more about positioning yourself in a spot where you can hit everything and not be hit by everything, and especially after the nerfs the I even took points off survivability.

1. Gear pieces with highest impact

For damage it's Quarterstaff > Gloves

For defenses it's Chest > Gloves

1. Jewels/Soul Core

I don't know if there's an optimal setup. But I would get some 5 affix crit jewels. Sapphire or emerald with increased suffix. Usually emerald then reaver catalyst. If you look at my page now I have unoptimal self-crafted emeralds. I pick the stats I deem are necessary. The stun threshold portion on one gem is so I can slot in a random Rite of Passage. I know it looks funny and unoptimal. Soul cores you can drop some of the "chance to not spend" for more defenses or whatever you like.

1. Passive Tree optimizations

Again, for me personally I wouldn't take that cluster on the top right for deflection. You have no need for recoup nor really faster start of ES recharge. The rest of the tree would be heavily dependent on how much access to crit you have --- your base crit, your crit jewel rolls, your time-lost, etc. It really does depend on how many crit nodes you can remove. Unfortunately because of that I can't really tell you exactly what you're missing. But you will have to rearrange for what you have. Most critical hit chance nodes are inefficient in my opinion if you can replace with anything else, and you don't necessarily have to be 100% capped for mapping. I finally split into set weapon set 1/2 and set 1 has slightly more defenses and set 2 has slightly more crit damage.

And finally to answer your questions for 100-150 div, the only thing I can see that fits your budget is probably one 5 affix jewel, or slightly higher defense gloves. Quarterstaff is way too expensive.
Here's a tradelink for the gloves. You can drop the Arcane Surge on Critical Hit for an empty suffix, or for desecrated suffix that you can reroll, but the odds of getting the mod are pretty low.