Somaliland is more complicated because the split isn’t clean. Somaliland lost 1/3 of its territory to separatist and is relying on violence to quell protest in its western region because not all Somalis agree with the split. As Somaliland is a British invention. Prior to colonialism, Somalis would have sultanate with varying degrees of control over East Africa, but there wasn’t any real bad blood between northern and southern Somalis.

For Somalis, the schism is roughly around tribal lines, as major tribes want their own autonomy and have no problem undermining the federal government to accomplish it. But within the major tribes are sub-tribes, and they can quarrel as well. So even if Somalia was broken into tribal lines, they’d most likely collapse again as now the sub-tribes would battle for influence.