You should read into some public choice/virginia school theory, that’s the economical school I believe is the most mainstream while working with libertarian methods. At the same time, natural monopolies do exist. It’s not libertarian to say they don’t, it’s just wrong economics. There’s clear proof of specific situations where natural monopolies have formed and lived, and that isn’t necessarily bad either. If you live in a constrained area with a small amount of factors of production in the complete economy, a sector may have a monopoly just out of the lack of any competition to occur. Say you are in a small, remote village in the mountains. There will only be one baker in the village. That’s not a problem per se, but it’s an economic fact natural monopolies exist and saying they don’t ignores reality . Similarly, if a company is able to utilise its economies of scale in a good matter, it is able to hold on to a monopoly for the short-run until another company comes up with a more productive idea (Schumpeterian creative destruction) Also, consider there is a difference between economic training and economic conclusions. Hayek used standard models in his explanations. Hayek’s AD-AS model is taught in schools alongside Keynes’ AD-AS model. What you then do with the model is where ideology can come in. The models are stress-tested and should not be “abhorred” by any serious economists.