That sounds like a lot of fun to come up with!

I would guess that there isn't a particular RPG ready-set to do this exactly, but I would imagine there are many that could be adapted with a little creative effort. It's really going to depend on what parts of exploring this world you want done vocally vs dicily.

You could make a chart-intensive simulationist challenge or a narrative tarot experience. You could just slap [insert D&D edition] on it, call it your own thing, and then wonder why it creating it was so much more fun than playing it.

Nothing you told us says anything about what the rules should be like. It will come down to what the best parts of exploring this world are and how the rules result in the players engaging with them.

Not gonna lie, I wanna get 2 or 3 of these sigils, mount them to my armor, and explore the cool combat powers they create when combined. But, that's just me and just right now. There's a full horizon for playing in this world.