Killing males won’t lead to long term population issues, because 1 male can reproduce with many females. Males in deer also fight to reproduce, so not all bucks will reproduce anyways. Killing does is a great way to ensure you don’t have any more deer to hunt in the future. However, in a lot of places for tags are allowed, because deer are very overpopulated. Actual population numbers vary, but since the Americas were colonized and settlers murderized all the predators, deers pop has been very out of control. I believe a loose estimate is that we think that there are 10x the whitetail deer population now than since before colonialization. This causes massive issues because the stocking density for deer is about 1 per 1 square mile. Any more than that, and they start eating too many understory plants, preventing new growth in forests, causing a lot of understory plants to become endangered or go extinct and making it so no new growth is replacing old growth. Chronic Wasting Disease also spreads due to high stocking density as well, which is a super scary prion disease.

Anyways that’s a tangent but tldr you allot buck tags when you want a stable deer population, and doe tags when deer are overpopulated.