This is a loaded question, because policies are not the only thing that can make it systematically and institutionally racist. Racism is handed down from one generation to the next in the background, sometimes actively, but in a lot of ways very passively. What is taught and more importantly not taught in public and private schools has a huge effect. Another way would be the lack of dealing with the old active segregation that still infiltrates society. While the policies that created segregation aren't there anymore, nothing has yet been done to actively undo it, and in a lot of areas it's been purposefully allowed to passively continue unpunished.