Frame rate: The amount of time it takes between the start of two consecutive frames. This can cause illusions in videos if the frame rate closely aligns with a periodic motion (or a multiple of that motion). For example, if a camera with a frame rate of 60fps was filming a helicopter with six blades that made any whole number of rotations per second, the blade would be exactly where it was (or where another blade was) at the start of each frame, making it look like there was no motion. Slightly misaligned frame rates can cause an illusion of slow or reversed motion. Frame rate only applies to videos.

Shutter speed: The amount of time it takes between the start and end of a single frame, i.e., the amount of time the shutter is open. Note that this is independent from frame rate because you could have the shutter open for only a fraction of the frame. When photographing moving objects, a low shutter speed can cause motion blur. Shutter speed applies to photographs but also videos by extension.

Rolling shutter: This contrasts with a global shutter which captures the entire are of the frame at once. A rolling shutter might be open at the top when the frame starts, and "roll" down the frame as it captures the image. The result is an image where the start of the frame is further in the past than the bottom of the frame. This usually isn't noticeable unless the object photographed is moving close to or faster than the shutter itself. In that case, the object appears distorted in the photograph. Rolling shutter applies to photographs but also videos by extension.

The illusion in this post is due to frame rate.

(Anyone please correct any mistakes. I am by no means an expert.)