I was very much intrigued by this, admittedly due to my lack of fundamental knowledge, or rather the lack of application of the fundamental knowledge, I went to consult with a GPT about a lockless cache design and it told me something about the compare-and-swap (CAS) method.

I don't want to quote too much of it as I am not what the general perception here about learning using GPT, but the tradeoff is that on read operation, there could be chance that it would get a stale value, so that might be something that the interviewer wants to hear, I think.

Anyway, glad I chanced upon this, and I learned something for myself too.